| 1 | GHSL | Global Human Settlement Layer | Comprehensive global mapping of built-up surfaces, building heights, population grids, and urbanisation degree from 1975 to 2030. Sub-products: GHS-BUILT-S (built-up surface), GHS-BUILT-H (height), GHS-BUILT-V (volume), GHS-BUILT-C (settlement characteristics), GHS-POP (population), GHS-SMOD (degree of urbanisation), GHS-UCDB (Urban Centre Database with 11,400+ centres and 471 indicators). Underpins the UN Degree of Urbanisation. | Settlement & Population | 10 metres (built-up surface), 100 metres (height, volume, population), 1 kilometre (settlement model, population) | Epochs: 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030 (projections) | Major releases every 1–2 years (current: R2023A; R2024A for UCDB) | GeoTIFF, Shapefile, GeoPackage, CSV | Copernicus Sentinel-2, Landsat (MSS, TM, ETM+, OLI), AW3D30, SRTM30, CIESIN GPWv4.11 census data | JRC Directorate E, Unit E.1 — Disaster Risk Management (Ispra) | None (sole JRC product) | https://ghsl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ and Google Earth Engine | European Commission Reuse Notice — open with attribution | Flagship JRC geospatial product. GHS-S2 Sentinel-2 composite (R2020A) is now a legacy sub-product, superseded by GHS-BUILT-S R2023A. |
| 2 | EDGAR | Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research | World's most comprehensive independent bottom-up inventory of anthropogenic greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions by country and on gridded maps. Covers CO2, CH4, N2O, F-gases, SO2, NOx, CO, NMVOC, NH3, PM10, PM2.5, BC, OC, and mercury across all IPCC source sectors. Used by IPCC, UNFCCC, and national inventories worldwide. | Atmosphere & Emissions | 0.1° × 0.1° gridded maps (approximately 11 kilometres at equator); country-level time series | 1970–2024 (GHG fast-track); 1970–2022 (air pollutants, version 8.1) | Approximately annual for GHG year-based releases (current: EDGAR_2025_GHG covering 1970–2024); major version numbers used for air pollutants (current: v8.1 covering 1970–2022). Note: JRC uses two parallel naming conventions — year-based releases for GHG fast-track (e.g. EDGAR_2024_GHG, EDGAR_2025_GHG) and version-numbered releases for detailed air pollutant inventories (e.g. v8.0, v8.1). | Microsoft Excel, NetCDF, plain text gridmaps | IEA energy balances, FAO agricultural statistics, USGS cement data, national inventories, IPCC emission factors | JRC Directorate C — Air and Climate Unit (Ispra) | Originally joint with PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency; current EDGAR Community GHG database is JRC–IEA collaboration | https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ | European Commission Reuse Notice — open with attribution | Previously joint JRC–PBL; now JRC–IEA for the Community GHG database. EDGAR_2025_GHG is a real standalone release (not v8.1 renamed); two parallel naming tracks coexist. |
| 3 | GSW | Global Surface Water | Maps global surface water location and temporal dynamics at 30-metre resolution using 4.7 million Landsat scenes from 1984 to 2021. Provides seven map layers: water occurrence, occurrence change intensity, seasonality, recurrence, transitions, maximum extent, and monthly water history. Published in Nature (Pekel et al., 2016). | Water Resources | 30 metres (Landsat pixel) | March 1984 – December 2021 (version 1.4) | Irregular major updates every 2–3 years | GeoTIFF (tiled global coverage) | Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 8 OLI (4.7 million scenes) | JRC Directorate E (Ispra) | Google Earth Engine (processing infrastructure and co-development) | https://global-surface-water.appspot.com/ and Google Earth Engine (JRC/GSW1_4) | Copernicus / European Commission open data | Also listed as GSWE (Global Surface Water Explorer) — the Explorer is the visualisation interface for the underlying dataset |
| 4 | PVGIS | Photovoltaic Geographical Information System | Free web tool providing solar radiation data and photovoltaic energy production estimates for any location worldwide. Version 5.3 (September 2024) covers grid-connected PV performance, tracking PV, off-grid battery modelling, hourly radiation time series, and Typical Meteorological Year files. Over 7.4 million users annually. | Energy & Renewables | 0.05° (approximately 5 kilometres) for CM SAF SARAH-3 over Europe/Africa/Asia; 0.25° (approximately 25 kilometres) for ERA5 globally; approximately 90 metres terrain (SRTM) | 2005–2023 (SARAH-3); 2005–2020 (ERA5); 1981–2016 (SARAH-1, legacy) | Version-based irregular updates (version 5.3 released September 2024; tool continuously available) | CSV, JSON, EPW (EnergyPlus Weather), GeoTIFF (long-term average maps) | CM SAF SARAH-3 satellite irradiance, ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis, SRTM digital elevation model | JRC Directorate C, Unit C.2 — Energy Efficiency and Renewables (Ispra) | EUMETSAT CM SAF (solar radiation data provider) | https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvg_tools/ (interactive tool); REST API available | Free, no registration required | Covers Europe, Africa, most of Asia, and parts of Americas depending on underlying radiation database |
| 5 | GloFAS | Global Flood Awareness System | Global operational flood forecasting and monitoring system under the Copernicus Emergency Management Service. Provides medium-range probabilistic flood forecasts up to 30 days, seasonal hydrological outlooks up to 16 weeks, a hydrological reanalysis from 1979, and near-real-time Sentinel-1 SAR-based flood mapping at 10-metre resolution. Version 4.0 operational since July 2023. | Flood Hazard | 0.05° (approximately 5 kilometres) for river discharge forecasts; 0.1° for reanalysis; 10 metres for SAR flood mapping | Forecasts: up to 30 days ahead; seasonal outlooks: up to 16 weeks; reanalysis: 1979–present (version 4.0) | Daily forecast updates; real-time monitoring | GRIB2, NetCDF, GeoTIFF (flood maps) | ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS), LISFLOOD hydrological model, Copernicus Sentinel-1 SAR | JRC Directorate E, Unit E.1 — Disaster Risk Management (Ispra) | ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) — joint development and operations | https://global-flood.emergency.copernicus.eu/ | Copernicus open data licence | Part of Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS). Uses JRC's open-source LISFLOOD model. |
| 6 | EFAS | European Flood Awareness System | First pan-European flood forecasting system, operational since 2012. Serves over 900 users from 70+ national hydrological services across 66 European countries. Provides probabilistic flood forecasts up to 15 days, flash flood indicators at sub-daily temporal resolution (a capability not available in the global-scale GloFAS sister system), and a long-term hydrological reanalysis (HERA) extending back to 1951. Also underpins dam failure scenarios and urban flood indicators. | Flood Hazard | Approximately 1 arcminute (approximately 1.8 kilometres) across Europe | Forecasts: up to 15 days ahead; HERA reanalysis: 1951–present | Twice-daily forecast updates; real-time monitoring | GRIB, NetCDF, Shapefile | ECMWF IFS ensemble forecasts, LISFLOOD model, EMO-5 (European Meteorological Observations at 5 km), national river gauge data | JRC Directorate E, Unit E.1 — Disaster Risk Management (Ispra) | ECMWF — joint development and operations | https://www.efas.eu/ | Copernicus open data licence | Part of Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS). Sister system to GloFAS. |
| 7 | GDO | Global Drought Observatory | Global operational drought monitoring and early-warning platform providing dekadal (10-day) updates of multiple indicators: Combined Drought Indicator, Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), soil moisture anomalies, fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fAPAR) anomalies, and Risk of Drought Impact for Agriculture (RDrI-Agri). Monthly forecast indicators with 1–6 month lead time. | Drought Hazard | 5 kilometres to 25 kilometres depending on indicator | 1981–present (varies by indicator; SPI from 1950); real-time monitoring | Dekadal (every 10 days); monthly forecasts | GeoTIFF, NetCDF, WMS (web mapping service) | ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis, MODIS satellite imagery, ECMWF SEAS5 seasonal forecasts, GPM/CHIRPS rainfall | JRC Directorate E, Unit E.1 — Disaster Risk Management (Ispra) | None (sole JRC product within Copernicus EMS) | https://drought.emergency.copernicus.eu/ | Copernicus open data licence | Part of Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS) |
| 8 | LISFLOOD | LISFLOOD Hydrological Model Static and Parameter Maps | Gridded input maps required to run the JRC's open-source LISFLOOD distributed hydrological model: terrain, soil hydraulic properties, land cover, channel geometry, water demand, lakes, reservoirs, and calibrated parameters. Also includes Global River Flood Hazard Maps (return periods 10–500 years) produced by coupling LISFLOOD with LISFLOOD-FP for inundation modelling. Model source code fully open-source since 2019. | Hydrological Modelling | 1 arcminute (approximately 1.9 kilometres) for Europe; 3 arcminutes (approximately 5.6 kilometres) globally | Static reference data (updated with model versions) | Irregular updates aligned with model version releases | NetCDF, GeoTIFF | SRTM/MERIT digital elevation models, SoilGrids, Copernicus land cover, national river discharge observations | JRC Directorate E, Unit E.1 — Disaster Risk Management (Ispra) | None (sole JRC product; model code on GitHub) | https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ (search LISFLOOD); GitHub: ec-jrc/lisflood-code | European Commission Reuse Notice; model code under EUPL | Computational engine behind both EFAS and GloFAS |
| 9 | CCM | Catchment Characterisation and Modelling | Pan-European geographic database of river networks, drainage catchments, and lakes derived from a 100-metre digital elevation model. Version 2.1 contains over 2 million primary catchments, approximately 650 river basins larger than 1,000 square kilometres, and approximately 70,000 lakes across roughly 12 million square kilometres. Essential reference dataset for EU Water Framework Directive implementation. | Water Resources | Vector data derived from 100-metre digital elevation model; reference scale approximately 1:1,000,000 | Version 2.1 (static legacy reference database; data from 2008, catalogue page maintained but no content updates) | Irregular major updates | ESRI Geodatabase, Shapefile, GeoPackage | National and pan-European digital elevation models, SRTM | JRC Directorate D, Unit D.2 — Water and Marine Resources (Ispra) | None (sole JRC product) | https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ (registration required for download) | European Commission copyright — restricted reuse, registration required | Foundational hydrographic reference for European water policy. Effectively a static legacy dataset with no active update cycle; JRC Data Catalogue last updated March 2025 but data content unchanged since v2.1 (2008). |
| 10 | LISCOAST | Large Scale Integrated Sea-level and Coastal Assessment Tool | Modular framework for assessing weather-related impacts in coastal areas under present and future climates. Products include European coastal flood risk maps, extreme sea level projections (historical and under RCP4.5/RCP8.5/SSP scenarios), global shoreline evolution assessments, and cost-benefit analyses of coastal adaptation measures. Extensively used in PESETA III–IV climate impact studies. | Coastal Hazard | Coastal segment level (variable); high-resolution inundation maps where available | Baseline conditions to projections through 2100 | Irregular, project-driven releases | CSV, GeoTIFF, spatial data packages (ZIP) | CMIP5/CMIP6 climate projections, storm surge models, satellite altimetry, Copernicus DEM | JRC Directorates E and C — Climate Impact Assessment (Ispra) | Multiple academic partners (Vousdoukas, Feyen et al.) | https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/collection/liscoast | European Commission Reuse Notice — open with attribution | Key contributor to PESETA III–IV climate impact assessments |
| 11 | EFFIS | European Forest Fire Information System | The European Union's focal point for wildfire management information. Provides fire danger forecasts (up to 9 days), near-real-time active fire detection, burnt area mapping (all fires over 30 hectares using MODIS/VIIRS, refined with Sentinel-2 at 10 metres), post-fire damage assessment, fire emissions estimates, and the European Fire Database with standardised fire records from 43 countries dating back to the 1980s. Maps approximately 95% of total area burned in the EU annually. | Wildfire | 250 metres to 10 metres (fire danger: 250 metres–1 kilometre; burnt areas: down to 10 metres with Sentinel-2) | Historical fire database: 1980s–present; satellite active fires: 2000–present; real-time monitoring continuous | Daily (real-time forecasts and monitoring); annual (compiled fire statistics) | GeoTIFF, Shapefile, WMS, WFS (web feature service) | MODIS, VIIRS (Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20), Copernicus Sentinel-2, Copernicus Sentinel-3, ECMWF meteorological data | JRC Directorate E, Unit E.1 — Disaster Risk Management (Ispra) | None (sole JRC product within Copernicus EMS) | https://effis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ | Copernicus open data licence | Part of Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS). Led by Jesús San-Miguel-Ayanz. |
| 12 | GWIS | Global Wildfire Information System | Global extension of EFFIS, providing worldwide fire danger forecasts, near-real-time active fire detection, monthly and annual burnt area mapping, fire emissions estimates, and country-level fire statistics. Uses MODIS MCD64A1 burnt area product for historical consistency (2002–present). Also a Group on Earth Observations (GEO) initiative. | Wildfire | 375 metres (VIIRS active fires) to 8 kilometres (fire danger forecasts); 500 metres (burnt area product) | Fire danger data: 2002–present; active fires: 2000–present | Daily (forecasts and active fire monitoring) | GeoTIFF, NetCDF, WMS | MODIS, VIIRS, ECMWF, GFAS (Global Fire Assimilation System) | JRC Directorate E, Unit E.1 — Disaster Risk Management (Ispra) | Group on Earth Observations (GEO) — joint initiative | https://gwis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ | Copernicus open data licence | Global companion to EFFIS. Part of Copernicus EMS and GEO initiative. |
| 13 | TMF | Tropical Moist Forest | Wall-to-wall maps of tropical moist forest extent, deforestation, degradation, and regrowth at 30-metre resolution using 43 years of Landsat time series. Uniquely distinguishes deforestation from degradation (caused by selective logging, fires, and extreme weather) with timing and intensity attributes. Published in Science Advances (Vancutsem et al., 2021). Covers the entire tropical belt between 28°N and 28°S. | Forest & Land Cover | 30 metres (Landsat pixel) | 1982–2024 (annual change detection) | Irregular updates every 1–2 years | GeoTIFF (Cloud Optimised GeoTIFF), Google Earth Engine | Landsat Collection 2 (Landsat 4, 5, 7, 8, 9) | JRC Directorate D, Unit D.1 — Forests and Bio-Economy (Ispra) | None (sole JRC product) | https://forobs.jrc.ec.europa.eu/TMF and Google Earth Engine | European Commission Reuse Notice — open with attribution | Lead scientists: Christelle Vancutsem, Frédéric Achard |
| 14 | GFC2020 | Global Forest Cover 2020 (for EU Deforestation Regulation) | A 10-metre global forest presence/absence map for the year 2020, the regulatory cut-off date for the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR). Uses the FAO/EUDR forest definition (area >0.5 hectares, trees >5 metres height, >10% canopy cover). A companion Global Forest Types map (GFT 2020) distinguishes primary forest, naturally regenerating forest, and planted forest. Not legally binding — provided as an information tool for EUDR due diligence. | Forest & Land Cover | 10 metres (Sentinel-2 based) | Reference year: 2020 (single epoch for regulatory baseline) | Version updates (version 3 dataset deposited 2025; ESSD peer-reviewed paper published February 2026) | Cloud Optimised GeoTIFF, WMS, Google Earth Engine | Copernicus Sentinel-2, ESA WorldCover, University of Maryland global tree cover | JRC Directorate D, Unit D.1 — Forests and Bio-Economy (Ispra) | None (sole JRC product) | https://forest-observatory.ec.europa.eu/ and Google Earth Engine (JRC/GFC2020/V3) | European Commission Reuse Notice — open with attribution | Companion product to GFT (Global Forest Types) 2020. Non-binding EUDR tool. V3 dataset deposited 2025; peer-reviewed ESSD paper published 19 Feb 2026 (Bourgoin et al., 2026). |
| 15 | JRC-FOREST | JRC Forest Research Collection | Collection of over 130 datasets on European and global forests, including Forest Maps of Europe (2006, 2012, 2015, 2018, 2020 at 100 metres), above-ground biomass maps, tree species distribution models, forest connectivity indicators, the DEFID2 database of forest insect and disease disturbances, and pan-European forest type classifications. Serves EU Forest Strategy and biodiversity policy. | Forest & Land Cover | 10 metres to 1 kilometre (varies by individual dataset) | Various (1990–2024 for forest change products; individual datasets have different reference periods) | Varies by product (continuous additions) | GeoTIFF, Shapefile, Microsoft Excel, PDF (reports) | Copernicus Sentinel-1/2, Landsat, National Forest Inventories, LUCAS | JRC Directorate D, Unit D.1 — Forests and Bio-Economy (Ispra) | European Forest Institute (EFI) for some products | https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/collection/FISE | European Commission Reuse Notice — open with attribution (varies by dataset) | Umbrella collection. Individual datasets listed separately in JRC Data Catalogue. |
| 16 | FISE | Forest Information System for Europe | Information platform aggregating forest data across five themes: basic forest data, bioeconomy, biodiversity, climate change, and forest health. Integrates JRC datasets (TMF, GFC2020, EFFIS, JRC-FOREST products) with data from EEA, Eurostat, and member states. Not a standalone JRC data product but a cross-institutional platform with significant JRC data contributions. | Forest & Land Cover | Platform (aggregates various resolutions from contributing datasets) | 2020–present (platform operational); underlying data varies | Continuous (as contributing datasets are updated) | Web platform, with downloads via contributing data sources | Multiple contributing datasets (see TMF, GFC2020, EFFIS, Eurostat, National Forest Inventories) | JRC Directorate D, Unit D.1 — Forests and Bio-Economy (Ispra) | European Environment Agency (EEA) — co-managed platform | https://forest.eea.europa.eu/ | Platform-level: open access; individual datasets follow their own licences | Managed primarily by EEA with JRC as major data contributor. Borderline JRC product. |
| 17 | GloSEM | Global Soil Erosion Modelling | Global estimates of soil displacement by water erosion on croplands using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) methodology. Version 1.3 operates at approximately 100-metre resolution, covering approximately 1.4 billion hectares of cropland with a 2019 baseline and 2070 projections under three SSP-RCP climate scenarios. Published as open data via ESDAC. | Soil & Land Degradation | Approximately 100 metres (original modelling at 25-metre cells for Europe, aggregated; global at 250 metres) | Baseline year 2019; projections to 2070 under SSP1-RCP2.6, SSP2-RCP4.5, SSP5-RCP8.5 | Research-driven, ad-hoc updates | GeoTIFF, Microsoft Excel (summary statistics) | SoilGrids, Copernicus Global Land Service, SRTM digital elevation model, CHIRPS rainfall | JRC Directorate D, Unit D.3 — Land Resources (Ispra) | None (sole JRC product) | https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ (search GloSEM; registration required) | Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) | Published in Nature Scientific Data (Borrelli et al., 2022) |
| 18 | ESDAC | European Soil Data Centre | The EU's thematic data centre for soil data, hosting dozens of datasets including the European Soil Database, soil erosion maps (by water, wind, tillage), LUCAS Topsoil data, soil organic carbon maps (SOC), soil biodiversity maps, landslide susceptibility, contaminated sites, and hydraulic properties. Functions as a portal, not a single dataset. Serves EU Soil Strategy and Soil Monitoring Directive. | Soil & Land Degradation | Various: 250 metres, 500 metres, 1 kilometre, and vector data (varies by individual dataset) | Various (typically 2000–2022 reference periods depending on dataset) | Continuous (new datasets added regularly; existing datasets updated irregularly) | GeoTIFF, ESRI GRID, Shapefile, IDRISI raster, CSV, PDF | Multiple: European Soil Database, LUCAS Soil surveys, SoilGrids, national soil surveys, remote sensing | JRC Directorate D, Unit D.3 — Land Resources (Ispra) | National soil survey organisations across Europe | https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ | Varies by dataset (most require free registration; some CC BY 4.0) | Portal hosting 50+ individual soil-related datasets |
| 19 | LUCAS Soil | LUCAS Topsoil Survey (Soil Module of LUCAS) | Europe's largest harmonised open-access topsoil dataset. JRC designs and manages the soil sampling module of the Eurostat-led LUCAS survey: training surveyors, managing sample logistics, conducting laboratory analysis, and publishing derived soil property maps. Approximately 20,000–41,000 topsoil samples collected per survey round (2009, 2012, 2015, 2018, 2022) across all EU member states. Derived products include SOC maps, erosion indicators, and heavy metal distributions. | Soil & Land Degradation | Point data (approximately 20,000–41,000 sites on a 2-kilometre sampling grid across the EU) | Survey rounds: 2009, 2012, 2015, 2018, 2022 | Every 3 years (aligned with main LUCAS survey) | CSV (point data), GeoTIFF (derived spatial products), JPG (site photos) | In-situ topsoil sampling (0–20 centimetres) across EU member states | JRC Directorate D, Unit D.3 — Land Resources (Ispra) | Eurostat (coordinates the main LUCAS survey; JRC manages the soil module specifically) | https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/projects/lucas | Free after registration at ESDAC | Main LUCAS survey is Eurostat-led; only the soil module is JRC-managed. Included here for the JRC-produced soil component. |
| 20 | EUCROPMAP | European Union Crop Type Map | First EU-wide crop type classification at 10-metre resolution, identifying 19 crop types (wheat, maize, barley, rapeseed, sunflower, sugar beet, and others) using Random Forest machine learning classification of Sentinel satellite data combined with LUCAS in-situ observations for training and validation. Two editions: 2018 (Sentinel-1 radar only) and 2022 (Sentinel-1 plus Sentinel-2, covering EU-27 and Ukraine). Open-source classification code available on GitHub. | Agriculture & Food Security | 10 metres (Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 pixel) | Individual annual maps: 2018, 2022 (intermediate years 2019–2021 also produced but less widely distributed) | Approximately every 4 years (when resources available; annual ambition) | GeoTIFF (Cloud Optimised GeoTIFF), WMS, Google Earth Engine | Copernicus Sentinel-1 (C-band SAR), Copernicus Sentinel-2 (multispectral), LUCAS in-situ crop observations | JRC Directorate D, Unit D.5 — Food Security (MARS Unit, Ispra) | None (sole JRC product) | https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/collection/id-00346 and Google Earth Engine | European Commission Reuse Notice — open with attribution | Published in Nature Scientific Data (d'Andrimont et al., 2024) |
| 21 | LUISA | Land Use-based Integrated Sustainability Assessment | Modelling platform producing spatially explicit land use and land cover projections for Europe from 2010 to 2050 at 100-metre resolution. Also produces the LUISA Base Map at 50 metres — a complex multi-source data fusion product integrating CORINE Land Cover, Copernicus High Resolution Layers, Urban Atlas, and other datasets (not simply a refined version of CORINE). Used for ex-ante evaluation of EU Cohesion Policy, urban sprawl assessment, transport accessibility modelling, green infrastructure planning, and environmental impact assessments. | Land Use Modelling | 50 metres (base map) to 100 metres (projections); model outputs also at NUTS2/NUTS3 for indicators | Baseline reference years: 2012, 2018; scenario projections to 2050 | Irregular, scenario-based releases (every 2–3 years) | GeoTIFF, CSV | CORINE Land Cover, Copernicus High Resolution Layers, Urban Atlas, GHSL, Eurostat EUROPOP demographic projections, transport networks | JRC Directorate B, Unit B.3 — Territorial Development (Seville) | None (sole JRC product) | https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/collection/luisa | Restricted reuse (European Commission terms) | One of the few JRC geospatial products from the Seville site (Directorate B) |
| 22 | ASAP | Anomaly Hotspots of Agricultural Production | Global early-warning system detecting crop and rangeland production anomalies for food security. Combines automated satellite-based warnings at sub-national administrative level (dekadal frequency) with monthly expert analysis and crop condition bulletins. Provides automated anomaly classification for rainfall, vegetation health, and agricultural output at GAUL administrative levels 1 and 2. | Agriculture & Food Security | Administrative unit level (GAUL level 0, 1, 2); underlying satellite indicators at approximately 1 kilometre (MODIS-based) | Rolling window covering last 12–24 months; system officially launched June 2017 (pilot testing from 2016) | Every 10 days (dekadal automated warnings); monthly (expert crop condition reports) | Web interface, raster GeoTIFF (underlying indicators), CSV and JSON (tabular warnings) | MODIS (vegetation indices), CHIRPS (rainfall), ERA5 (temperature), FAO crop calendars | JRC Directorate D, Unit D.5 — Food Security (MARS Unit, Ispra) | None (sole JRC product) | https://mars.jrc.ec.europa.eu/asap/ | Open with attribution | Complements AGRI4CAST (European-focused) with global food security monitoring |
| 23 | DOPA | Digital Observatory for Protected Areas | Web services platform assessing the state and pressures on approximately 100,000 protected areas worldwide (all protected areas larger than 1 square kilometre). Provides indicators on species richness, ecosystem representation, ecological connectivity, land cover change, climate exposure, and human pressures. Recognised by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) as a reference system. Currently at DOPA Explorer version 4.1. | Biodiversity & Conservation | Protected area level (aggregated from WDPA polygons and 100-metre to 1-kilometre raster inputs) | 2013–present (continuously updated with WDPA releases and new indicator data) | Periodic (aligned with WDPA bi-annual releases and CBD reporting cycles) | REST API (JSON), PDF country profiles, web visualisation, CSV exports | WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas), IUCN Red List, GBIF species occurrences, GHSL, Copernicus land cover | JRC Directorate D, Unit D.6 — Knowledge for Sustainable Development and Food Security (Ispra) | None (sole JRC product; uses UNEP-WCMC WDPA as input) | https://dopa.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ | Free with scientific citation required | Key tool for Global Biodiversity Framework and EU Biodiversity Strategy monitoring |
| 24 | JRC-PPDB-OPEN | JRC Open Power Plants Database | Database of centrally dispatched power plants across EU-27 and neighbouring countries, compiled from ENTSO-E Transparency Platform and other open sources. Contains plant-level data on capacity, fuel type, location, commissioning year, and operator. Designed for energy system modelling, market analysis, and policy support. | Energy & Renewables | Plant-level point data (geographic coordinates per power plant) | Approximately 2016–2018 (snapshot; reflects data availability at time of compilation) | Irregular updates | CSV | ENTSO-E Transparency Platform, S&P Global Platts, national energy regulators, company reports | JRC Directorate C — Energy (Petten / Ispra) | None (sole JRC product) | https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/9810feeb-f062-49cd-8e76-8d8cfd488a05 | Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) | Separate from the Hydro-power Database |
| 25 | JRC Hydro-power DB | JRC Hydro-power Plants Database | Georeferenced database of European hydropower plants including installed capacity, type (run-of-river, reservoir, pumped storage), storage volume, head, and dam characteristics. Community-maintained on GitHub with contributions from researchers and national agencies. Covers plants across the EU and neighbouring countries. | Energy & Renewables | Plant-level point data (geographic coordinates per hydropower facility) | Current snapshot (periodically updated via community contributions) | Community-driven irregular updates via GitHub | CSV, JSON | Public national databases, operator data, research surveys | JRC Directorate C — Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystem (WEFE) Nexus (Ispra) | Community contributors via GitHub | https://github.com/energy-modelling-toolkit/hydro-power-database | Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) | Carries explicit disclaimer: not an official product of the European Commission |
| 26 | ENSPRESO | Energy System Potentials for Renewable Energy Sources | EU-28-wide open dataset mapping technical potentials for wind energy (onshore and offshore), solar energy (photovoltaic and concentrated solar power), and biomass under various land-restriction scenarios. Version 2 (ENSPRESO2, released 2025) adds high-resolution 1-kilometre and 5-kilometre gridded data. Coverage spans 2010–2050 in decadal time steps. Used for EU energy planning and climate target assessments. | Energy & Renewables | NUTS0 and NUTS2 administrative level; 1 kilometre and 5 kilometre grids (ENSPRESO2) | 2010–2050 (decadal projections) | Version-based releases (version 1: 2019; version 2: 2025) | CSV | CORINE Land Cover, Natura 2000, wind/solar measurement data, JRC PVGIS, national biomass statistics | JRC Directorate C — Energy (Petten / Ispra) | None (sole JRC product) | https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/collection/id-00138 | Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) | Published in Energy Policy (Ruiz et al., 2019) |
| 27 | INFORM | INFORM Global Risk Index | Composite indicator identifying countries at risk of humanitarian crisis and disaster. Built from 54 indicators across three dimensions: Hazard and Exposure, Vulnerability, and Lack of Coping Capacity. Covers 191 countries with annual updates. Developed by JRC as the scientific lead within the inter-agency INFORM partnership (IASC, OCHA, ECHO). Subnational variants available for selected regions. | Risk Assessment | Country-level (191 countries); subnational variants for select regions (for example, INFORM Subnational for Sahel) | 2014–present (annual editions) | Annual | Microsoft Excel (full methodology workbook), REST API, web map interface | 54 indicators from UNEP, World Bank, EMDAT, ACLED, UNOCHA, national statistics, and other international databases | JRC Directorate E — Disaster Risk Management Knowledge Centre (DRMKC, Ispra) | Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), OCHA, European Commission DG ECHO — multi-stakeholder partnership | https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index | Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) | JRC is scientific lead. |
| 28 | PESETA | Projection of Economic Impacts of Climate Change in Sectors of the EU based on Bottom-up Analysis | Series of JRC research projects (PESETA I through V) assessing multi-sector European climate change impacts across agriculture, river floods, coastal floods, energy supply and demand, transport infrastructure, drought, wildfire, tourism, labour productivity, and human health (heat mortality). PESETA IV produces spatial outputs including flood risk scenario maps at 500-metre resolution, plus economic damage and population exposure datasets at NUTS2/NUTS3 level under multiple RCP/SSP scenarios. | Climate Impact Assessment | NUTS2 and NUTS3 administrative level for economic indicators; 500 metres for flood risk maps; 12.5 kilometres for climate grid | Projections to 2030s, 2050s, 2080s under multiple RCP/SSP scenarios | Project-based releases (PESETA IV: 2020; PESETA V: ongoing) | GeoTIFF (flood risk maps), CSV (economic impact tables), PDF (reports) | EURO-CORDEX regional climate projections, ISIMIP impact models, LISFLOOD/LISCOAST, Eurostat socioeconomic data | JRC Directorate C (multi-unit coordination, Seville / Ispra) | Multiple academic modelling groups (varies by sector) | https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/collection/id-00335 | European Commission Reuse Notice — open with attribution | Key spatial outputs from PESETA IV. |
| 29 | AGRI4CAST | MARS Meteorological and Crop Monitoring Data (AGRI4CAST Resources Portal) | JRC MARS unit's meteorological and crop monitoring toolbox providing interpolated daily weather data on a 25-kilometre grid across Europe from approximately 1975 onward, crop simulation model outputs (WOFOST), Earth observation-based vegetation indicators, and crop yield forecasts. Supports the EU Common Agricultural Policy monitoring and the MARS Bulletin published every month during the growing season. | Agriculture & Food Security | 25-kilometre grid (meteorological data); administrative level (crop statistics and forecasts) | Approximately 1975–present (meteorological archive); real-time monitoring during growing season | Daily (meteorological data); monthly (MARS Bulletin and yield forecasts) | Maps, gridded data files, PDF (MARS Bulletin), web interface | European weather station networks (>5,000 stations), ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis, MODIS/Sentinel vegetation indices | JRC Directorate D, Unit D.5 — Food Security (MARS Unit, Ispra) | National agricultural statistical services, ECMWF, Eurostat | https://agri4cast.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ | European Commission Reuse Notice — open with attribution | The MARS system has operated since the early 1990s. |
| 30 | EURDEP | European Radiological Data Exchange Platform | The EU's official real-time radiological monitoring network, collecting environmental gamma dose rate measurements from approximately 5,500 automatic monitoring stations across 39 countries. Established under Council Decision 87/600/Euratom for early notification of nuclear accidents. During routine conditions, data is exchanged daily; during nuclear emergencies, update frequency increases to near-real-time (every 10–30 minutes). | Nuclear Safety | Station-level point data (approximately 5,500 automatic monitoring stations across 39 European countries) | 2002–present (platform operational); some station records extend earlier | Daily (routine); near-real-time every 10–30 minutes (emergency mode) | EURDEP/IRIX exchange format, web map interface | National radiological monitoring networks (39 participating countries) | JRC Nuclear Safety and Security Directorate (Ispra/Karlsruhe) | National nuclear safety authorities across 39 countries | https://remon.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ | Restricted access for detailed data; public web map available | Part of EU nuclear preparedness infrastructure. |
| 31 | EMIS | Environmental Marine Information System | Satellite-derived marine bio-physical variables for European seas including chlorophyll-a concentration, sea surface temperature, diffuse attenuation coefficient, and coloured dissolved organic matter. Provides monthly composites from multiple ocean colour and thermal infrared satellite missions. Covers European regional seas (Mediterranean, North Sea, Baltic, Black Sea, Northeast Atlantic). | Marine & Ocean | 2–4 kilometres (satellite ocean colour pixel resolution) | Monthly archives (historical record from late 1990s to present, depending on variable and satellite mission) | Historical archive (updated periodically with new satellite data processing) | Raster files accessible via HTTP and GIS services | SeaWiFS, MERIS, MODIS-Aqua, VIIRS (ocean colour); AVHRR, MODIS (sea surface temperature) | JRC Directorate D, Unit D.2 — Water and Marine Resources (Ispra) | None (sole JRC product) | https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/collection/emis | European Commission Reuse Notice — open with attribution | European-scale companion to GMIS. |
| 32 | GMIS | Global Marine Information System | Global extension of EMIS, providing satellite-derived ocean bio-physical variables worldwide including chlorophyll-a concentration, sea surface temperature, diffuse attenuation coefficient, and photosynthetically available radiation. Monthly composites at coarser global resolution. Supports international marine environmental monitoring and reporting. | Marine & Ocean | 4–9 kilometres (global satellite ocean colour pixel resolution) | Monthly archives (historical record from late 1990s to present) | Historical archive (updated periodically) | Raster files accessible via HTTP | MODIS-Aqua, SeaWiFS, MERIS, VIIRS | JRC Directorate D, Unit D.2 — Water and Marine Resources (Ispra) | None (sole JRC product) | https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/collection/gmis | European Commission Reuse Notice — open with attribution | Global companion to EMIS. |
| 33 | GAM | Global Accessibility Map | Global raster of estimated travel time from any location to the nearest city of 50,000 or more inhabitants, produced using cost-distance algorithms over a friction surface incorporating roads, terrain, land cover, and waterways. The 2015 update (published in Nature, Weiss et al., 2018) operates at approximately 1-kilometre resolution. Used for SDG monitoring of access-inequality indicators. | Accessibility & Development | Approximately 1 kilometre (30 arcseconds) | Reference years: 2000 (original) and 2015 (update) | Periodic (aligned with major data input updates) | GeoTIFF | OpenStreetMap road networks, SRTM digital elevation model, GHSL settlement data, GlobCover land cover | JRC Directorate D — Global Environment Monitoring (Ispra) | Oxford University Malaria Atlas Project (co-development of 2015 version) | https://forobs.jrc.ec.europa.eu/gam/download | European Commission open access | Published in Nature (Weiss et al., 2018). |
| 34 | KCMD Spatial | Knowledge Centre on Migration and Demography — Gridded Migration Data | Global gridded net migration estimates at approximately 1-kilometre resolution at 5-year intervals from 1975 to 2020, derived from GHSL population grids using indirect demographic estimation techniques. Distinguishes urban and rural migration patterns. Supports EU migration and demographic policy analysis. | Migration & Demography | Approximately 1 kilometre (aligned with GHSL population grids) | 5-year intervals: 1975–1980 through 2015–2020 | Aligned with GHSL population grid releases | Raster, web interface | GHSL population grids (GHS-POP), UN population estimates, national census data | JRC Knowledge Centre on Migration and Demography (KCMD, Ispra) | None (sole JRC product; uses GHSL as input) | https://migration-demography-tools.jrc.ec.europa.eu/catalogue/ | Open for research use | Derived from GHSL population grids using indirect demographic estimation techniques |